
“The beginning of modern-style plate tectonics is still debated in the absence of definite evidence. “
“The beginning of modern-style plate tectonics is still debated in the absence of definite evidence. “
“The photochemical trick that underpins oxygenic photosynthesis seems only to have evolved once. “
The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) began drilling into the focus of the Chicxulub impact structure off the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico in 2016.
“Ultimately, the source of free oxygen in the Earth System is photosynthesis, but that is the result of a chemical balance in the biosphere and hydrosphere that operates at the surface and just beneath it in sediments. “
“The 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the deadliest natural disasters since the start of the 20th century, with an estimated death toll of around 230 thousand. “
“Long regarded as a microcontinental fragment left when India parted company with Antarctica – based on isolated occurrences of gneisses – there is evidence that during the formation of the Kerguelen LIP the basalts rose above sea level. “
“During the Han dynasty in 132 CE, polymath Zhang Heng invented an ‘instrument for measuring the seasonal winds and the movements of the Earth’ (Houfeng Didong Yi, for short): the first seismometer. “
“The authors suggest that the oxygen depletion stemmed from extreme global warming, which, in turn, encouraged methane production by other ocean-floor bacteria and, in a roundabout way, other chemical reactions that consumed free dissolved oxygen. “
“By using artificially generated microwaves to illuminate the Earth’s surface it is possible to create images. “
“For all manner of reasons, natural springs have fascinated people since at least as long ago as the Neolithic.”